ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparative Analyses of the Volatile Components of Citrus Aurantium L. Flowers Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Headspace SPME and Hydrodistillation Combined with GC-MS and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Activities
The volatile components of Citrus aurantium L. flowers were characterized by GC-MS with two different extraction techniques, hydrodistillation (HD) and ultrasonic-assisted headspace solid phase microextraction (UA-HS-SPME). In the SPME method, the volatile components of the samples, irradiated by ultrasonic radiation, were collected on a polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) commercial fiber as well as some manually prepared nanoporous fibers from the samples headspace. To reach the better results, the extraction conditions were carefully optimized for the PDMS fiber. Under the optimized conditions (i.e. sonication time 15 min, extraction time 30 min and extraction temperature 55 ºC), 54 compounds were identified by the UA-HS-SPME-GC/MS method. The essential oil components of Citrus aurantium L. flower samples from two different regions of Iran and new and old samples from the same region were compared to one another. The major components identified for the samples with both the SPME and HD methods were linalool, linalyl acetate, limonene, β-myrcene, geranyl acetate, and neryl acetate, respectively. However, a substantial variation in the percentages of the components was identified for different samples and different extraction methods. The antimicrobial activities of the oil were also examined against six standard bacteria. There was some activity against Enterococcus fecalis, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus, indicating important biological activities of the oil.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_6025_62707243c8576ebb889f0251bcea29f9.pdf
2014-12-01
83
91
10.22036/abcr.2014.6025
Ultrasonic-assisted headspace SPME (UA-HS-SPME)
Polydimethyl siloxane
Citrus aurantium L. flowers
Antimicrobial activity
Akram
Rahimi
a_rahimi88@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Payman
Hashemi
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Gholam Reza
Talei
3
Microbiology Laboratory, Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Street, Khoramabad 68198, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Borzuei
4
Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali Reza
Ghiasvand
5
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
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29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Direct Electrochemistry of Polyphenol Oxidase
The electrochemistry of banana tissues on a carbon paste electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is presented. Cyclic voltammetry is applied to investigate the direct electrochemistry of banana tissues i.e. a source of polyphenol oxidase (PPO). A redox couple with an anodic and counterpart cathodic peak is obtained. The influence of various parameters such as pH, scan rate of potential and heating on the electrochemical properties of polyphenol oxidase in banana tissues were examined. For apple tissues, a same signal is observed on a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. It was found that presence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is essential to observe the electrochemical activity of polyphenol oxidase in banana and apple tissues. In this paper, the electrochemistry of fruits was described. We have shown that multi-walled carbon nanotubes can enhance the direct electron transfer between the electroactive center of polyphenol oxidase in banana tissues and the underlying electrode.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_6014_534557c1346078d3195bbfc1ed0cc9af.pdf
2014-12-01
92
98
10.22036/abcr.2014.6014
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Direct Electrochemistry
Cyclic Voltammetry
banana
Polyphenol oxidase
Modified carbon paste electrode
Jahan Bakhsh
Raoof
j.raoof@umz.ac.ir
1
Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Lab.
Department of Analytical Chemistry
Faculty of Chemistry
University of Mazandaran
Babolsar
Iran
e-mail: j.raoof@umz.ac.ir
Fax: +98 112 5342350
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abolfazl
Kiani
kiani@sci.ui.ac.ir
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Ojani
fer-o@umz.ac.ir
3
Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranPostal Code: 47416- 95447
AUTHOR
Roudabeh
Valiollahi
r.valiollahi@gmail.com
4
Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranPostal Code: 47416- 95447
AUTHOR
[1] S. Shleev, J. Tkac, A. Christenson, Tautgirdas Ruzgasa, A.I. Yaropolov, J.W. Whittaker, L. Gorton, Biosens. Bioelectron. 20 (2005) 2517.
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimization and Comparison of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Estragole from Tarragon Leaves with Hydro-Distillation Method
A comparative study of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and hydro-distillation was performed for fast extraction of estragole from tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) dried leaves. Several influential parameters of the UAE procedure in the extraction of estragole (type of solvent, extraction cycles, solvent to material ratio, irradiation time and particle size) were investigated and optimized. It was found that UAE offers a more rapid extraction of estragole than hydrodistillation. The optimum parameters were solvent to material ratio of 8:1 v/m, 96% (w/w) ethanol in water as extraction solvent, particle size of 1.18 mm, irradiation time of 5 min, output power of 63 W, 9 pulses, and ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz. The recovery of estragole by UAE under optimal conditions was 44.4% based on dry extract. The benefit of ultrasound was to decrease the extraction time (5 min) relative to the classical hydrodistillation method (3 h). The experimental results also indicated that ultrasound-assisted extraction is a simple, rapid and effective method for extraction of the volatile oil components of tarragon.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_6401_d59aee54b381dc3f7de981ac53b04850.pdf
2014-12-01
99
107
10.22036/abcr.2014.6401
Artemisia dracunculus L
Tarragon
Estragole
Ultrasound-assisted extraction
Essential oil
Hydrodistillation
Mohammad Bagher
Gholivand
mbgholivand2013@gmail.com
1
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Bagh-e-Abrisham, Kermanshah
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yadollah
Yamini
yyamini@modares.ac.ir
2
Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University,
AUTHOR
Manijeh
Dayeni
dayeni_mh@yahoo.com
3
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
[1] D. E. Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany, Timber, USA, 1998.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemically Modified Eggshell Membrane as an Adsorbent for Solid-Phase-Extraction of Morphine Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis
In this project, eggshell membrane was used as a solid phase extraction sorbent for extraction of morphine followed by HPLC analysis. At first, raw eggshell membrane was used and then, because of low adsorption of morphine on untreated eggshell membrane (<70%), modification of eggshell membrane surface was carried out using different surfactants and amines. The amine modified eggshells characterized by Furrier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy resulted in better adsorption of morphine. The effects of different factors on extraction efficiencies were investigated. Based on experimental results 20 ml of glutaraldehyde (35% V/V) and 2 mmoles of normal hexane amine have been chosen as the best condition for chemical modification. The optimum pH values for sample solution and washing buffer were 8. Application of 300.0 mg sorbent, 6 ml methanol as desorbing solvent, 0.5 ml of 5 mg l-1 morphine sample solution and 6 min for sorption and desorption times were among the best conditions for morphine pre-concentration. At the optimum conditions, the calibration plot of morphine was obtained with good linearity (R2 = 0.9990) and using this plot, figures of merit of the proposed method were evaluated. The proposed method presents suitable working linear ranges (0.5-10, mg l-1), good limit of detection (0.095 mg l-1), acceptable repeatability (%RSD ≤ 4.50) and good accuracy (recovery = 101.6%). Finally, the amount of spiked morphine to saliva as a real sample was determined using this method.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_7310_8fe02148fcd2beba329819d0c9fbb122.pdf
2014-12-01
108
116
10.22036/abcr.2014.7310
High performance liquid chromatography
Solid phase extraction
Eggshell membrane
Morphine
Fariborz
Momenbeik
f.momen@chem.ui.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Faezeh
Tajmir Riahi
faezetajmirriahi@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Simple Image Analysis Method for Determination of Glucose by using Glucose Oxidase CdTe/TGA Quantum Dots
Glucose, as the major energy source in cellular metabolism, plays an important role in the natural growth of cells. Herein, a simple, rapid and low-cost method for the glucose determination by utilizing glucose oxidase and CdTe/thioglycolic acid (TGA) quantum dots (QDs) on a thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate has been described. The detection was based on the combination of the glucose enzymatic reaction and the quenching effect of H2O2 on the CdTe/TGA quantum dots photoluminescence. This QDs-based assay exhibits several advantages. Enzyme immobilization and QDs modification process are not required and the high stability of the QDs towards photobleaching is beneficial to this sensing system. The proposed method is linear in concentration range of 1.00 × 10-1-3.00 × 10-5 M of glucose and has a detection limit of 1.25 × 10-8 M. The results of real sample analysis show that the glucose oxidase CdTe/TGA QDs system would be a promising glucose-biosensing system.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_7315_93a545f2cae1055282d1846a1d75c527.pdf
2014-12-01
117
127
10.22036/abcr.2014.7315
image analysis
CdTe/TGA Quantum dots
Glucose
Glucose Oxidase
Javad
Tashkhourian
tashkhourian@susc.ac.ir
1
Chemistry Department, Shiraz University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Morteza
Akhond
akhond@mail.susc.ac.ir
2
Chemistry Department, Shiraz University
AUTHOR
S.
Hooshmand
sr.hsh66@yahoo.com
3
Chemistry Department, Shiraz University
AUTHOR
T.
Khosousi
tkhosousi@gmail.com
4
Chemistry Department, Shiraz University
AUTHOR
B.
Hemmateenejad
hemmatb@shirazu.ac.ir
5
Chemistry Department, Shiraz University
AUTHOR
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50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Electroanalytical Determination of Gemifloxacin Mesylate in Bulk, Tablets and Human Urine Using Gold Nanoparticles Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
A simple, precise, inexpensive and sensitive voltammetric method has been developed for the determination of gemifloxacin mesylate (GEM) in the presence of tween 80 in the bulk, farmaceutical dosage forms and human urine at gold nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode (GNCPE). The electrochemical behavior of GEM has been investigated by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. The electrochemical oxidation of GEM was an irreversible process which exhibited adsorption-diffusion controlled process behavior in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer over the entire pH range of values from 2 to 9. The adsorptive stripping response was evaluated as a function of some variables such as pH, type of surfactant, scan rate and accumulation time. The anodic peak current varied linearly over the range from 8.0 × 10-7 to 2.8 × 10-5 M. The limits of detection and quantification were 7.32 × 10-8 M and 2.44 × 10-7 M, respectively. The relative standard deviations and the percentage recoveries were found in the following ranges: 0.58-1.35% and 99.37-101.76%, respectively.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_7527_a7948af158284071ab17149429bf36c7.pdf
2014-12-01
128
138
10.22036/abcr.2014.7527
Gemifloxacin
Gold Nanoparticles
Voltammetry
Tween 80
Urine
Ali
Attia
alikamal1978@hotmail.com
1
National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mona
Abd-Elmoety
monaabdelmoety@yahoo.com
2
National Organization for Drug Control and Research
AUTHOR
Amr
Badawy
gehadgenidy@yahoo.com
3
Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
AUTHOR
Abd-Elazis
Abd-Elaleem
elries48@yahoo.com
4
Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
AUTHOR
Samar
Abd-Elhamid
alinodcar@gmail.com
5
National Organization for Drug Control and Research
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Spectrophotometric Determination of 4-Hydroxy-2-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine Based on Aggregation of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles
We report herein the development of a highly sensitive colorimetric method for the detection of 4-hydroxy-2-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine (MTU) which acts as an anti-thyroid drug utilizing citrate capped gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). This thiol-containing molecule exhibits intriguing affinity with Au-NPs. The reactivity involves the displacement of the citrate shell by the thiolate shell followed by intermolecular electrostatic interactions or hydrogen-bonding between the thiolate shells. The interparticle interactions depend on ionic strength, pH and Au-NPs concentration of the solution. The interparticle interactions lead to a small change in the plasmon band around 521 nm and the formation of a new red shifted band. The calibration curve is derived from the ratio of the absorption intensity changes at 650 nm to the changes at 520 nm. It was linear in the concentration range of 5.0 × 10-7-2.75 × 10-6 M. The detection limit (3σ) for MTU was found to be 1.9 × 10-7 M.
https://www.analchemres.org/article_7569_244fffeb1c034d3d3c929ce622e7ce06.pdf
2014-12-01
139
146
10.22036/abcr.2014.7569
Gold Nanoparticle
4-Hydroxy-2-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine
Colorimetric detection
M.Reza
Hormozi-Nezhad
nhormozi@gmail.com
1
Sharif University of Technology
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sena
Ghayyem
sghsgh.1368@gmail.com
2
Sharif University of Technology
AUTHOR
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